UGC NET

Syllabus of UGC NET Computer Science And Applications

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Unit – 1 : Discrete Structures and Optimization Mathematical Logic: Propositional and Predicate Logic, Propositional Equivalences, Normal Forms, Predicates and Quantifiers, Nested Quantifiers, Rules of Inference. Sets and Relations: Set Operations, Representation and Properties of Relations, Equivalence Relations, Partially Ordering. Counting, Mathematical Induction and Discrete Probability: Basics of Counting, Pigeonhole Principle, Permutations and Combinations, Inclusion- … Read more

CPU Scheduling in Operating System

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CPU Scheduling CPU scheduling is the method used by the operating system to decide which process gets the CPU next when multiple processes are ready to run. Since the CPU can execute only one process per core at a time, scheduling ensures efficient and fair usage of the CPU. Scheduling Criteria Scheduling criteria are the … Read more

Threads in Operating System

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Threads A thread is a lightweight process, meaning it’s a smaller unit of execution inside a Process. A process can have multiple threads sharing the same memory and resources. Threads make programs faster and more responsive, especially for tasks that can run in parallel. Main types : Multicore programming Multicore programming is the practice of … Read more

Process Management

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Process management Process A process is basically a program that is currently running. Think of it like a running app on your phone or computer — it’s more than just the code; it includes its current state, memory, and resources. Process states A process moves through different states during its life. State     :    Description Process scheduling … Read more

Basics of operating systems

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Operating system An operating system is software that manages the computer’s hardware and software resources and provides services for application programs. Kernel vs kernel space Kernel Kernel space OS structure Monolithic structure Layered approach Microkernel structure Modular structure Operations & services Operations Services System calls Definition Operating system Design goals Implementation System boot

SDLC Coding & Implementation

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SDLC ( Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) ) SDLC phases usually are : Coding & Implementation Coding is the process of translating system design into a programming language so that it can be executed by a computer. It is also called implementation in the software development life cycle (SDLC). Good practices Version control Example : … Read more

Software design

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What is Software Design ? Important Concepts Abstraction :  hiding unnecessary details. Modularity :  dividing system into smaller modules. Cohesion :  how closely related functions are inside a module. & high cohesion is good. Coupling : dependency between modules. & low coupling is good. Abstraction Abstraction is the process of hiding unnecessary implementation details and … Read more

Software requirements

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Requirement definition & types Functional requirement Non-functional requirement SRS (software requirement specification) Requirement elicitation Key process steps

Software development process models

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Waterfall model Waterfall model phases Waterfall model key characteristics Waterfall model advantages Waterfall model disadvantages V-model (verification & validation model) V-model structure Left side of v (verification – development phases) Right side of v (validation – testing phases) V-model advantages Spiral model Each spiral includes Spiral model: Planning Spiral model: Risk analysis Spiral model: Engineering … Read more